EPA Inspector General Memo warns that EPA September 6, 2002

EPA Inspector General Memo warns that EPA has not done the basic research to assess the risks of land application. September 6, 2002 Memo.


Management of Biosolids

Approximately six million tons of sewage sludge ("biosolids") are produced annually by sewage treatment plants in the United States. With inadequate treatment these biosolids may contain a wide variety of chemicals and pathogens, the remains of the sewage treatment process.

(1) EPA does not know whether current regulations, when adhered to, are protective of public health;

(2) EPA does not have an overall understanding of the magnitude and quality of Biosolids
production and disposal practices;

(3) EPA does not know if the enforcement and compliance resources committed to managing biosolids are adequate to ensure that the regulations are adhered to.

EPA has not conducted the basic research needed to determine the risk associated
with certain biosolids disposal practices. The Agency has taken the position
that biosolids management is a low-risk activity. As a result, EPA has failed to
adhere to its commitment to comprehensively assess the extent of the risk. EPA
issued Part 503 of Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations ("The Sludge
Rule") to govern the use and disposal of biosolids in February 1993 under court
order. When it issued the rule, EPA committed to conducting a comprehensive
research program to assess the risks associated with land application of
biosolids, yet it has not yet done so.

In June 2002 the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) recommended additional
research. EPA is currently studying those recommendations, and has committed to
producing a research work plan by the end of 2003, nearly 11 years after
committing to do so.

EPA uses the Permit Compliance System (PCS) to manage water quality activities
of point source dischargers such as sewage treatment plants, but PCS is
acknowledged by the Office of Water (OW) as inadequate for managing biosolids.

EPA is unable to answer basic questions such as how much biosolids are landapplied.
As a result of this data gap, OW developed an independent system, the
Biosolids Data Management System (BDMS), to track compliance with biosolids
regulations.

EPA is revising PCS, but has not yet decided whether to incorporate
BDMS into this new version. According to OW, "the ultimate usefulness of the
BDMS on a national basis is likely dependent upon its adoption into PCS."

EPA has diverted compliance and enforcement resources away from this program.
The safety of biosolids land application depends on the adherence to highly
technical treatment standards by land applicators across the country.

In a 2000 report we found inadequacies in EPA's management and enforcement of the
biosolids program. In a status report on the biosolids program published two
years later, we reported a further 44% reduction in full-time equivalent (FTE)
positions (from 18 to 10). This is a particular concern because EPA runs the
biosolids program in 45 states. Adequate oversight of this program is critical
for ensuring regulatory compliance. To date, EPA has not committed the resources
needed to fulfill its oversight responsibilities.

Class A Compost Sludge

To: Brunswick ME Town Council

From: Caroline Snyder, Ph.D.

Re: Final Report of the Brunswick Biosolids Peer Review Committee

February 23, 2006

Preliminary Draft Comments

At the request of the Katahdin Center for Education and Research, we are providing comments about the Final Report of a Brunswick Biosolids Peer Review Committee. The committee was charged with comparing the risks of Class A biosolids compost with those of organic composts when these materials are used to maintain vegetation on an athletic field located in Brunswick’s Aquifer Protection Zone.

We have not seen all the materials that the committee examined for their comparative risk assessment. However we have reviewed the documents and charts referenced in the Final Report. Therefore our comments are in the form of a preliminary draft. We will present a final draft, after we have reviewed the additional materials.

1. Committee Members

Town Council, cognizant of the increasing controversy in the scientific community about the safety and benefits of sludge use, sought to get unbiased, scientific, and objective data about this controversial practice. This is commendable. Accordingly, the Council stipulated that only those researchers could serve on the committee who had no preconceived notions about sludge use, or previous involvement with companies that land apply.

Sharon Marion D’Orsie, a member of the committee, has a 33-year old association with the Water Environment Federation (WEF). WEF is the nation’s most powerful lobbying group for land application of sewage sludge. Ms. D’Orsie served as President of the Texas WEF and contributed for thirteen years to their newsletter. She has received three awards from WEF. WEF has a long history of aggressively promoting sludge spreading and controlling the science that informs this practice. Members of the WEF and the companies they represent, have discredited and tried to silence scientists whose research indicates problems with land application. In no way can Ms. D’Orsie be considered a “neutral” member of the committee. She should have explained her WEF connection and excused herself from serving on the committee.

The Town Council also stipulated that committee members had to reside in Maine, presumably because they would be familiar with the many variables (soils, climate, precipitation, temperature, growing season, etc) that are unique to Maine that would need to be considered when using sludge in Maine; they would have done sludge-related research on Maine sites and thus would be best qualified to assess the risks of the proposed Brunswick project.

Neither Ms. D’Orsie, nor Dr. Langley-Turnbaugh fit that description. Ms.D’Dorsie has lived in the state for only three years and has never done any field studies, much less sludge research. Dr. Langley-Turnbaugh earned her soil science degrees from the University of New Hampshire and the University of Wisconsin, and none of her published articles focus on Maine sites.

It is unfortunate that the Council did not appoint Maine sludge experts with a proven track record who have done research on Maine sites, that includes assessing and measuring groundwater impact from land application of sludges. (e.g. Dick Behr, C.E. Catricala, and others).
2. Literature Cited

During the last eight years a considerable body of significant published research has emerged that deals with newly identified problems linked to land application of sewage sludges. The most important of these are the published version of Case for Caution (Harrison et al 1999), the 2002 National Academy of Sciences report, Biosolids Applied to Land, which warned that the scientific foundation of the current policies is either lacking or outdated, Robert Hale’s research on toxic organics that concentrate in sludge compost, and David Lewis et al’s investigations, suggesting that interactions between irritant chemicals and pathogens are the most likely cause of the hundreds of serious adverse health effects (including deaths) reported by sludge-exposed neighbors.

There is also some research that specifically deals with groundwater impacts related to sludge use [e.g. an unpublished study done at the Lisbon ME Little Turf Farm, the C.E Catricala et al field study indicating rapid movement of sludge contaminants after a heavy rain event in Maine, the E. Jacobsen et al study how sludge compost contaminants impacted groundwater in New Jersey, the UNH research by McDowell on groundwater impact from sludges at a number of NH sites, as well as research by Welch (2000), Behr, Kolpin (2002) and others]. It appears as though the committee did not review any of this research. Instead, the report references a handful of peer reviewed published papers, two of which were authored and co-authored by long-time advocates and defenders of the current land application policies and none of which address groundwater impact, or health risks associated with land application. In addition, the committee cites a flawed paper, funded mostly by the sewerage industry, newspaper articles, dictionaries, and encyclopedias.

The committee reviewed information provided by New England Organics, the company that makes and markets sludge compost. However, it apparently did not seek or review any information about organic composts, even though its stated purpose was to compare the risks of these two materials

3.The Final Report

General comments:

The final report ignores important information and makes unsubstantiated statements.
For example the committee did not substantiate its claim that inhalation risks from sludge ‘were not unique” and thus no different than those from organic composts. We know of no documented or anecdotal incident in New England where odors or air borne pollutants from land applied organic compost or manure have ever adversely affected the health of exposed neighbors. On the other hand, there are a great many anecdotal reports and some published research that link asthma and other serious respiratory problems to land applied sludges, including sludge compost. In 2000, a pile of New England Organic’s sludge compost, stored in rain, adjacent to an elementary school, destabilized and caused children in the school playground to become nauseous and vomit.

The committee states that risks from inhalation are reduced “as long as biosolids is incorporated into the soil before the fields are used”. We agree. But placing biosolids on fields “in the late fall and waiting for four months is not equivalent to “incorporation,” as the report states. Also, a good grass cover cannot be maintained if you incorporate the sludge into the soil. And if the point of using sludge compost is to establish a good vegetation cover, why is it not applied in the spring, at the beginning of the growing season? By applying it in the late fall, most of the available nitrogen will have volatilized before plants can use it.

The Risks from Organics

Toxic organics, as well as non-regulated inorganic chemicals, are a growing concern of independent scientists who are researching the impacts of sludge use. There are about 100,000 man-made chemical compounds in circulation today, with 1000 new ones added every year. Hale estimates that most of them eventually end up in our waste stream and sludge, especially in sludges generated in industrialized urban centers. Only a dozen have standards. Most of these compounds are not monitored, regulated, or tested. Every month, every industry and business in the country can legally discharge 33 pounds of hazardous waste into sewers. Wastewater treatment plants are designed to remove these hazardous materials from the wastewater. By necessity they concentrate in the resultant sewage sludge. The committee did not find this problematic.

According to one committee member, the rules are protective because “environmental professionals review each industrial effluent in a case-by-case basis.” However, an increasing number of scientific experts, environmental and health organizations, public officials, and impacted stakeholders, do not share the committee’s faith in the efficacy and adequacy of the current federal and state regulations that govern the land application of sewage sludges. This includes the National Academy of Sciences, the prestigious Cornell Waste Management Institute, the nation’s largest and oldest environmental organization, the National Farmers Union, and a growing number of public officials in New England and across the nation.

The Risks from Pathogens

The committee’s assessment of pathogen risks appears to be equally inaccurate and superficial. The use of indicator pathogens to determine pathogen risks has been widely questioned because they are the most easily destroyed in the treatment process. The more resistant bacteria can survive and re-grow, especially when Class A sludge is stockpiled. This is why the NSA panel recommended re-testing Class A sludge if it is not land applied within three weeks. The NAS report doubts whether some of the approved methods used to reduce pathogens in sludge work. Samples provided by New England Organics about their product may not accurately reflect the product’s content. Random samples, tested by independent laboratories, might give more accurate data. To claim that “ pathogen concentration of Class A compost is equivalent to that in natural soils,” is misleading.

Conclusion

A credible comparative risk assessment of two materials that are land applied would, at the minimum, include accurate information about the materials being compared. The committee failed to do this. The cited Hawkridge sludge quality data are misleading and inaccurate for many reasons: for example, the chart gives figures averaged over a two- year period. But when assessing sludge quality, averages can be misleading, because sludge quality is unpredictable and can vary from day to day. No land- applied sludge is ever “average”. The amount of regulated toxic metals permitted in Maine’s Class A sludge (300 ppm of lead, 10 ppm of cadmium, 1000 ppm of copper, 1000 ppm of chromium) should be a matter of great concern.

The chart does not give any data about the constituents of industrial paper mill sludge, one of the materials that New England Organics mixes with sewage sludge to produce sludge compost. Nor does the chart show what new chemicals can be generated when sewage sludge or paper mill sludges are stockpiled. The chart does not take into account synergistic interactions between chemicals, or the toxicity of break-down products, some of which can be more persistent and toxic than the unregulated parent compound. In summary: the data about sludge compost that the committee used in its deliberations were much too limited to adequately assess the risks of this material when land applied.

Since the committee apparently did not review information about organic composts, and had limited information about sludge compost, how could it compare the risks of these two materials when land applied?

The committee rightly points out that the sandy soil of the Edwards Field would cause metals and other contaminants to leach into the underlying groundwater. It also pointed out that organic matter, would delay the leaching because of the sorption capacity of the sludge’s organic matter. Once the organic matter decays, the risks of metal mobility increases. So, in order to prevent sludge contaminants from impacting groundwater, it is essential to repeatedly add organic matter, in the form of sludge. Since metals do not break down, but will accumulate with each new sludge application, Edwards Field will slowly turn into a superfund site. To suggest, as the committee does, that the way to protect the aquifers is to first apply sludge, and then keep adding more sludge, to prevent the accumulating contaminants from mobilizing, is irresponsible.
Hundreds of sludge-exposed neighbors have reported respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms. Illnesses and deaths have been linked to the practice and documented in the peer reviewed scientific literature. In contrast, no deaths or illnesses have ever been documented or reported by neighbors who live or work near fields where seasoned manure or organic composts have been applied.

There is increasing uncertainty about the safety and sustainability of sludge use. The NAS panel warned that agent-specific testing of a limited number of pollutants, without considering break-down products cannot assure that land application is safe. The NAS panel also warned that sewage sludge is such a complex mix of chemical and biological contaminants that its risks, when land applied cannot be reliably assessed. Yet the Peer Review Committee thought otherwise. Ignoring most of the relevant research, the committee felt confident not only to reliably assess the risks of sludge use, but also to conduct a valid comparative risk assessment.

The final report contains some useful hydrologic data. But beyond that, the report is superficial, biased, and lacks scientific credibility. According to Murray McBride, soils, such as those of Edward Field, “with little capacity to buffer pH and adsorb metals are poor candidates for metal-contaminated waste application.”

Safer options for athletic field maintenance exist, options that will not permanently contaminate these sites, can be used long-term, and will not impact groundwater or public health. It would be prudent for the Brunswick Town Council to consider these other options to safeguard the integrity of its aquifer protection zone, rather than to choose sewage sludge, a material that the Federal Clean Water Act defines as a pollutant.

Why we are opposed to the land application of sewage sludge

RURAL AMERICA DEMANDS AN END TO THE LANDSPREADING OF CLASS B SEWAGE SLUDGE FOR THE FOLLOWING REASONS:

BECAUSE the Federal Clean Water Act defines sewage sludge as a "pollutant" [33 U.S.C.1362(6)]

BECAUSE the Harper-Collins Dictionary of Environmental Science describes sludge as: "A viscous, semisolid mixture of bacteria and virus-laden organic matter, toxic metals, synthetic organic chemicals, and settled solids removed from domestic and industrial waste water at sewage treatment plants";

BECAUSE the US EPA acknowledges that the pollutants and pathogenic organisms in sewage sludge ". . . upon exposure, ingestion, inhalation, or assimilation into an organisms either directly from the environment or indirectly by ingestion through the food chain, could, on the basis of information available to the Administrator of EPA, cause death, disease, behavioral abnormalities, cancer, genetic mutations, physiological malfunctions (including malfunction in reproduction), or physical deformations in either organisms or offspring of the organisms." [40 CFR Part 503.9 (f)]

BECAUSE official EPA policy is to dispose of landfill and Superfund leachates, radioactive wastes, and toxic commercial and industrial chemicals into public sewer systems, to be combined with residential sewage and other pathogenic sources, with the resultant sewage sludge to be spread on the land in Rural America;

BECAUSE FEDERAL LAW permits every business and industry in the United States to dump 33 pounds of hazardous wastes into public sewers every month with no reporting requirements [ 40CFR 403.12)P)(2) ];

BECAUSE the EPA's Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) and public records indicate industrial pretreatment programs are inadequate, ineffective and/or not being enforced in states around the nation to control the discharge of toxic industrial chemicals into sewers. And the TRI reveals that the quantities of toxic metals and other hazardous chemicals being discharged into public sewers are increasing;

BECAUSE the waste industry in 1999 convinced Congress to exempt sewage treatment plants (POTWs) from any Superfund liability with regard to the toxic pollutants processed by such facilities;

BECAUSE the EPA acknowledges all sewage sludge, both Class A and Class B, contains toxic metals including arsenic, antimony, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, lead, molybdenum and mercury; dangerous pesticides; toxic, bioaccumulative poisons including dioxins, furans, brominated flame retardants; and hazardous industrial wastes including cyanide, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons and other volatile and semi-volatile organic chemicals;

BECAUSE the EPA allows Class B sewage sludge to contain significant quantities of human pathogens [up to 2 million CFUs (colony forming units) of fecal coliforms per gram of total solids, dry weight], and slaughter house wastes, mortuary discharges and infectious hospital and institutional wastes, including disease-causing bacteria, viruses, virulent antibiotic resistant microbes, protozoa, intestinal parasites and parasitic worms;

BECAUSE the EPA has never conducted a risk assessment on the harm to human health from the pathogens in surface applied (top dressed) sludge including airborne viruses, bacteria, endotoxins, molds, fungi, etc. despite increasing evidence from around the country that neighbors of sludge sites are getting sick;

BECAUSE the EPA acknowledges land applied sewage sludge emits toxic/irritant gases including dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, methyl mercaptan, trimethylamine and ammonia, which CDC, NIOSH, OSHA, DOT, ATSDR and other government agencies warn can cause great harm to human health if inhaled or ingested;

BECAUSE a 1999 Risk Assessment conducted by Charles Gerba, Ian Pepper, Scot Dowd and Suresh Pillai indicates people within 1000 - 1600 feet of sludge sites or sludge stockpiles are at significant risk (far in excess of EPA "acceptable" risk of l - 10,000) from airborne sludge viruses and bacteria;

BECAUSE a report published in November 2000 Journal of Agromedicine - Dr. Susan Schiffman, Duke University, and Dr. John Walker, US EPA, lead authors -- details the harm to human health from sludge odors, odorants, bioaerosols and airborne particulates including " . . . eye, nose, and throat irritation, headache, nausea, diarrhea, hoarseness, sore throat, cough, chest tightness, nasal congestion, palpitations, shortness of breath, stress, drowsiness, and alterations in mood" and " . . . exposure to increased levels of particulates is associated with increased mortality risk, especially among the elderly and individuals with preexisting cardiopulmonary diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pneumonia, and chronic heart disease."

BECAUSE THE AFORESAID SLUDGE GASES AND SLUDGE AIRBORNE PATHOGENS CAN COMBINE to form a noxious miasma which can engulf and adversely affects the health of neighbors of sludge sites;

BECAUSE courts in California, Oregon and Kentucky have ruled that the odors and emissions from sludge processing facilities are a “nuisance”, and the judges in Kentucky and California cases awarded monetary damages to the sludge victims;

BECAUSE the landspreading of sewage sludge has caused sickness (and possibly even death) in people around the country - (known as "sludge syndrome") including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, eye, nose and throat burning and irritation, skin rashes and lesions, cysts, bloody noses, eye infections, pneumonia, asthma and other respiratory illnesses, tumors, immune system damage, viral and bacterial infections and a host of other physical maladies;

(See - http://www.sludgevictims.net

and http://www.cfe.cornell.edu/wmi/Sludge/INCIDENTS.htm)

BECAUSE in their July 2002 report, the National Research Council acknowledged that despite the fact that sewage sludge is a complex mix of pathogens and toxic chemicals which may affect human health: “Because of the data gaps and lack of risk assessment methods for complex mixtures, it is NOT POSSIBLE to integrate pathogen risk assessment with chemical risk assessment.”
(See Page 6 - http://books.nap.edu/books/0309084865/html/6.html#page_middle)

BECAUSE the landspreading of sewage sludge has caused sickness and death of fish, livestock and family pets;

BECAUSE sludge nutrients, toxins and pathogens are known to have contaminated drinking water wells, ground water and surface waters around the country;

BECAUSE sewage sludge contains brominated flame retardants, nonylphenols, surfactants, phthalates and other persistent, bioaccumulative, toxic and endocrine/hormone disrupting chemicals which cause great harm to wildlife and aquatic life;

BECAUSE the EPA has never conducted a risk assessment into the risks of the harm to wildlife, soil biota and other ecological biosystems from "top dressed" (unincorporated) sewage sludge;

BECAUSE the EPA has harassed and retaliated against any scientist within its agency who dares to speak out in opposition to its sludge (or other waste mismanagement) policies; and in May 2003 forced the resignation of renown EPA microbiologist David L. Lewis because of publication in scientific and medical journals of his studies on adverse health effects experienced by sludge victims;

BECAUSE the EPA has established the least protective sludge regulations of any developed country in the world -- (Canada and European countries use the "precautionary principle" - or "no net degradation to soil quality" -- to set limits on toxic metals from sludge in agricultural soils many times lower than US EPA );

BECAUSE the EPA Inspector General in April 2000 stated:

"EPA does not have an effective program for ensuring compliance with the land application requirements of Part 503"; and

"Accordingly, while EPA promotes land application, EPA cannot assure the public that current land application practices are protective of human health and the environment."

In February 2002, the EPA Inspector General stated: "The agency (EPA) can neither investigate nor keep track of all of the complaints of adverse health effects that are reported."

And in September 2002, the EPA OIG said “EPA does not know whether current regulations, when adhered to, are protective of public health” and “When it issued the rule, EPA committed to conducting a comprehensive research program to assess the risks associated with land application of biosolids, yet it has not yet done so.”

BECAUSE IN June 2001, Scientists at a Cincinnati, Ohio, workshop sponsored by US EPA and USDA concluded a great deal more research must be done before Class B sewage sludge can be pronounced” safe”;

BECAUSE state "environmental/regulatory" agencies across the nation are PROMOTING land application of sewage sludge, and doing nothing to respond to sickness, water contamination and other concerns of Rural Americans who are suffering health and environmental consequences, lower property values and destruction of their quality of life by the disposal of this noxious waste in their communities;

BECAUSE despite the fact that federal sludge rules say sludge disposal is a LOCAL option, sludge bullies have filed lawsuits in Pennsylvania, Virginia, California and Florida to force this toxic/pathogen waste from urban and industrial sources on unwilling rural communities which seek to protect themselves by enacting local sludge control ordinances;

BECAUSE a recently released study by AMSA (Association of Metropolitan Sewerage Agencies) shows that DIOXIN levels in 2/3rds of sewage sludges exceed the concentrations at which two EPA Risk Assessments show can cause great harm to certain species of wildlife;

BECAUSE THE US EPA has made a concerted effort to cover up and avoid any and all documentation and/or investigation into the sickness (and possibly death) of sludge victims - humans and animals;

BECAUSE the US EPA has given over $19 million of our tax dollars to the WEF (Water Environment Federation - the lobbying and public relations arm of the waste industry) to promote sludge spreading and hire pro-sludge “scientists” ” to rubber stamp waste industry/EPA sludge policies,and to fund their campaigns to debunk and discredit Dr. David L. Lewis, sludge victims and people seeking more protective sludge rules;

BECAUSE in August 1999, the EPA weakened federal sludge rules (40 CFR Part 503) -- by changing the wording of the certifications by the sludge producers/sludge spreaders required under 40 CFR Part 503.17, so that they NO LONGER have to certify that the "requirements" of federal law with regard to pathogen reduction, vector attraction reduction, management practices and site restrictions "have been met";

BECAUSE peer reviewed research by Dr. David L. Lewis, et al, published in June and July 2002 in prestigious scientific and medical journals has documented the adverse health effects suffered by neighbors of sludge sites and the causes therefor and EPA responded by firing Dr. Lewis;

BECAUSE despite the fact that EPA and the waste industry promote sewage sludge as "fertilizer", in fact in March 2003 the National Farmers Union called for an end to the land spreading of Class B sewage sludge; and

BECAUSE the highly respected Waste Management Institute of Cornell Univerity, Ithaca, New York, has studied the land application of sewage sludge for many years and has published a report in the International Journal of Environment and Pollution, which concludes the EPA 40 CFR Part 503 sludge rules do not protect human health, agricultural soil and the environment.

*******************************************************************

Prepared by Helane Shields, Sludge Researcher

Toxics in Maine-Map and list

Toxics in Maine:
A Town-by-Town Profile


November 1999

Author
William A. Everitt

Toxics Action Center
One Pleasant St., 4th Floor
Portland, ME 04101
phone: (207) 871-1810
fax: (207) 828-8620
toxicsaction@toxicsaction.org
www.toxicsaction.org

About the Toxics Action Center

The Toxics Action Center provides assistance to residents fighting toxic hazards in their communtities. Since 1987, we have helped over 225 neighborhood groups clean up hazardous waste sites, reduce the use of industrial toxins, decrease industrial pollution, and oppose the siting of dangerous facilities. When the government won't take action and the company denies there's a problem, we're a resource for residents concerned with environmental health hazards in their communities. We provide residents with information about environmental laws, strategies for organizing against polluters, a network of activists throughout the state, and access to legal and technical experts.

Donations from concerned citizens and grant from private foundations fund the Toxics Action Center. This financial support enables us to provide our services free of charge to neighborhoods facing the threats of toxic pollution.

Acknowledgements

I would like to thank the following for their support, suggestions, and comments on drafts of this report: Matt Scease, Sierra Club; Maureen Drouin, Northern Forest Alliance; Kathleen McGee, Maine Toxics Action Coalition; Ed Friedman, Friends of Merrymeeting Bay; and Nick Bennet, Natural Resources Council of Maine.

I would also like to thank the following people who have organized against toxics across Maine and who have supported and encouraged the Toxic Action Center's work in the state: Ralph Keef, Will Sugg, Beady Parker, Robert Phipps, Micheal Good, Joyce Kravetz, Dusti Faucher, Ron Huber, Jeff Reardon, Micheal Herz, Ruth Gabey, Mike Hill, Dan Kusnierz, Jeff McEvoy, Jonathon Carter, Jane Scease, and Sharon Tisher.

Finally, I would like to thank Matt Wilson, who has given me the challenging opportunity to fight toxic pollution in Maine.

Thank you,

Will Everitt
Maine Field Organizer
Toxics Action Center


Preface

Tonics in Maine: A Town-by-Town Profile is an easy-to-use source of information about many types of hazardous sites in Maine. For each town this report lists:

Number of Active Landfills
Number of Closed Landfill Sites
Number of inactive Landfills
- Number of Municipal incinerators

• Number of Medical Waste Incinerators

• Number of Operating Power Plants Number of Gas Turbine Power Plants Licensed in Maine Number of Nuclear Power Plants Number of Hazardous Waste Sites Number of National Priority List (Superfund) Sites Number of Potential Superfund Sites Number of Large Quantity Hazardous Waste Facilities

• Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers

• Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites

• Number of Permitted Air Polluters

• Pounds of Toxins Released in 1997

Tonics in Maine: A Town-by-Town Profile contains the most current data available and Obtainable; therefore readers must keep in mind that the information presented in this report may not be completely accurate or up to date.

More information about specific communities or specific types of toxic pollution can be found by contacting the sources of this information directly (listed on the next page) or by calling the Toxics Action Center at (207) 871-1810.

Data Sources

Number of Active. Closed~ and Inactive Landfill Sites: Bureau of Remediation, Maine Department of Environmental Protection (DEP). October 1999.

Number of Municipal Incinerators, Number of Medical Waste Incinerators, Number of Power Plants: Bureau of Air Quality, Maine DEP. October 1999.

Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: Uncontrolled Hazardous Substance Sites Program. Maine DEP. October, 1999 (last updated 6130/99).

Number of Nation Priority List (Superfund) Sites: Envirofacts Warehouse. www.epa.gov/enviro/indexJava.net. October l999.

Number of Potential Superfund Sites: Hazardous Waste: Information on Potential Superfund Sites. United States General Accounting Office. November 1998.

Number of Hazardous Waste Facilities: TRI Database. www.rtk.net/rtkdata.html. October, 1999.

Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: Maine DEP, Licensing Division. October, 1999

Number of Permitted Air Polluters: Bureau of Air Quality, Maine DEP. October, 1999.

Pounds of Toxins Released: TRI Database. www.rtk.net/rtkdata.html. October, 1999.

Introduction

Although Maine is a beautiful and largely rural state ("the way life should be"), its landscape is littered with a toxic legacy. There are 474 hazardous waste sites in the state. There are 12 "Superfund" sites and 43 potential "Superfund" sites in the state--sites so polluted with toxins that no one may work or live on them. Maine industries use more toxic chemicals per person than any other New England state. In 1997, industries released 7,962,190 pounds of toxins in the state.

Twenty years ago when people thought of the environment, they thought about picking up litter and ways to protect our wilderness and wildlife. Yet in the late 1970s, toxic contamination at Love Canal in Niagara Falls, NY, a nuclear accident at Three Mile Island in Pennsylvania, a leukemia cluster in Woburn, Massachusetts, and contaminated wells in East Gray, Maine made national news and taught that there was much more to be concerned about and much more to do. Unfortunately, these tragedies were not isolated incidences. As the recent cancer cluster in Fairfield, Maine tragically reveals, Maine and every state in the Union have a long way to go to protect citizens from the effects of toxic pollution.

Along with the startling facts and figures in this report, it is important to recognize three points-lessons which were actually learned from the tragedies twenty years ago and countless others like them since then.

The first point is that toxic chemicals in our environment can poison and even kill us. Today the evidence grows of the links between toxic pollution and high levels of asthma, cancer, and reproductive disorders in our communities. The Fairfield cancer cluster is just one example as residents from across the state question health epidemics in their community and their relationship to environmental toxins.

The second point is that companies, as a rule, do not voluntarily take responsibility for their pollution. In fact, they often go to extraordinary lengths to avoid liability for their toxic messes. Today, corporations continue to exercise the power of their money to shape public policy and influence decision-makers.

The third and most important lesson is that residents must join together to make their concerns heard, to make polluters accountable, and to make government take action. Too often, relenting to pressure from industry, government officials do not aggressively enforce environmental regulations. Illegal dumping on a vacant lot or toxic emissions from a belching smokestack can go on for weeks, months, or even years without any government attention. Time after time, it comes down to residents who are willing to stand up and take action.

As our toxic threats in Maine grow, more and more residents are uniting. In Hampden, concerned citizens are fighting the expansion of a dangerous landfill. In Waterboro, residents are working to protect their wells from gravel pit blasting. In Topsham, residents have organized to protect their town from the hazards that golf course pesticides pose. In towns throughout the state, citizens are fighting sludge spreading. In Gorham, citizens are fighting the contamination of gasoline in their private wells. In Dresden, residents are organizing to protect their wetlands. These are just a small number of people behind the statistics presented in this report.


Recommendations

There are policy options for Maine to reduce environmental and health risks across the state

Power Plants Due to a loophole in the Clean Air Act, the oldest and dirtiest plants operate under more lenient standards than newer facilities. Central Maine Power's Wyman Station is one of these grandfathered dirty power plants. The King Administration should close this loophole

New natural gas plants also present an environmental risk due to emissions, potential for oil spills, and water usage. New gas plants should not be sited in areas with limited water resources, nor should they be sited without replacing a dirtier facility of equivalent size.

Industrial Toxic Chemical Use The "lifecycle" of industrial chemical use poses threats to residents, workers, and consumers. These risks stem from potential accidents, spills, emissions, worker handling, waste disposal, toxins in products, and product disposal.

Earlier this year, the state passed a Toxic Use Reduction law. This is a step in the right direction. This law requires facilities to set their own goals for reducing their toxic use and makes available to the public how well they are meeting those goals. Maine's toxic using industries should set ambitious goals and implement effective plans to meet those goals.

Hazardous Waste Site Cleanup Hazardous waste sites can pose a health threat due to direct exposure (i.e., through dermal contact) or contamination of drinking water. According to the Department of Environmental Protection, there are 474 hazardous waste sites in the state.

The state has regulations regarding the cleanup of these sites, but there are no official provisions to allow citizens to participate in the cleanup process. This means that residents who want to ensure that their communities are safe and free from toxic contamination can have almost no say in how a toxic site in their neighborhood is cleaned up.

A public participation program that provides grants to community groups and allows access to all information about a hazardous waste site would provide essential oversight in the cleanup program and ensure that cleanups are done right the first time.

Medical Waste Incinerators Nationally, medical waste incinerators are the number two source of dioxin and number four source of mercury in the environment, according to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Dioxin is a known human carcinogen, and has been linked to reproductive and developmental disorders and immune system damage. Mercury is a potent neurotoxin which interferes with the normal brain development of fetuses and infants.

Most of the medical waste incinerators in Maine have been shut down due to regulations put forward by the EPA under the Clean Air Act. The waste that these facilities were burning are now being shipped to out of state incinerators. As a pollution prevention measure, the state should implement specific programs to help hospitals eliminate their use of toxic materials like PVC and mercury-containing products.

Municipal Solid Waste Maine burns 40 percent of its waste. Nationally, trash incinerators are the number two source of dioxin and number two source for mercury in the environment, according to the EPA. Incinerators also produce a toxic ash, which must be land filled According to the EPA; all landfills can be expected to eventually leak.

Maine recycles 40 percent of its waste. Currently, the state is considering lifting its moratorium on commercial landfills in order to create more landfill space. The state should NOT lift this moratorium. Instead, the state should implement an even more aggressive recycling program (New Jersey, for example, has close to a 50% recycling rate) and pass a ban on wasteful packaging, thereby reducing its reliance on incineration and its need for new landfills.

Maine Yankee Nuclear Power Plant Maine's only nuclear power plant, Maine Yankee, was shut down in 1997. Unfortunately, the power plant still poses a health risk because nuclear waste is still stored at the plant. The decommissioning of Maine Yankee should be done in a deliberate manner with the public integrally involved in the clean up process.

Sludge Sewage sludge and septage is being distributed through Maine's environment by being spread on agricultural fields. Reusing clean human waste could be a positive practice. Unfortunately, too often, sludge contains more than human waste: unregulated toxic discharges, heavy metals, and persistent chemical compounds can be found in sludge, making its spreading a serious public health risk. Currently, Maine's Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) is promoting the use of sludge and has made it against the law for towns to not accept sludge spreading. Instead of promoting sludge spreading, the state should ban the application of sludge that may contain industrial discharges, toxics, and persistent chemicals. The state should also prohibit sludge spreading in towns that have not explicitly approved the practice by a town-wide vote.

Pesticides Pesticides are chemicals deliberately added to our environment to kill living things and are, therefore, toxic by design. Pesticides have been linked to a growing list of public health problems, including cancer, reproductive harm, and genetic damage. Pesticides are a serious and growing threat to the public health.

There are a number of policies the state should enact to reduce pesticide use and exposure. The first is to pass a strong pesticide right to know law so residents can find out how and when pesticides are being applied in their communities. Currently, Maine has no useful system for collecting data on how much, where, and what kinds of pesticides are applied in the state. Maine's Department of Transportation sprays pesticides along 8,000 miles of state roads, through most of the state's municipalities. The state should stop this dangerous and unnecessary spraying. Also, the state should ban aerial spraying, which allows as much as 80% of pesticides to drift off target.

Data summary
State Totals

Number of Active Landfills: 20
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 347
Number of Inactive Landfills: 32
Number of Municipal Incinerators: 4
Number of Medical Waste Incinerators: 3
Number of Operating Power Plants: 13
Number of Gas Turbine Power Plants Licensed in Maine: 6
Number of Nuclear Power Plants: 1 (closed but still houses nuclear waste)
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 474
Number of National Priority List (Superfund) Sites: 12
Number of Potential Superfund Sites: 43
Number of Large Quantity Hazardous Waste Facilities: 154
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1,422
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 416
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 778
Pounds of Toxins Released in 1997: 7,962,190


County Totals

Androscoggin
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 14
Number of Municipal Incinerators: 1
Number of Power Plants: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 29
Number of Potential Superfund Sites: 5
Number of Hazardous Waste Facilities:16
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 131
Number of Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 13
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 52
Pounds of Toxins Released in 1997: 153,488

Aroostook
Number of Closed Landfill Sites:31
Number of Inactive Landfills: 1
Number of Medical Waste Incinerators: 1
Number of Power Plants: 4
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 32
Number of National Priority List (Superfund) Sites: 1
Number of Potential Superfund Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Facilities: 4
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 54
Number of Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 61
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 58
Pounds of Toxins Released in 1997: 92,408


Cumberland
Number of Active Landfills: 5
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 39
Number of Inactive Landfills: 4
Number of Municipal Incinerators:
Number of Power Plants: 1
Number of Gas Turbine Power Plants Licensed: 2
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 95
Number of National Priority List (Superfund) Sites: 2
Number of Potential Superfund Sites: 10
Number of Hazardous Waste Facilities: 42
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 389
Number of Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 46
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 126
Pounds of Toxins Released in 1997:1,260,963

Hancock
Number of Active Landfills: 1
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 21
Number of Inactive Landfills: 4
Number of Gas Turbine Power Plants Licensed: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 12
Number of Potential Superfund Sites: 3
Number of Hazardous Waste Facilities: 6
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 38
Number of Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites:36
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 25
Pounds of Toxins Released in 1997: 588,087

Knox
Number of Active Landfills: 4
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 11
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 15
Number of National Priority List (Superfund) Sites: 2
Number of Hazardous Waste Facilities: 5
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 46
Number of Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 19
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 19
Pounds of Toxins Released in 1997: 18,777

Franklin
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 15
Number of Inactive Landfills: 2
Number of Power Plants: 1
Number of Gas Turbine Power Plants Licensed: I
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 7
Number of Potential Superfund Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Facilities: 4
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 24
Number of Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 10
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 24
Pounds of Toxins Released in 1997: 794,216


Kennebec
Number of Active Landfills: 1
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 21
Number of Inactive Landfills: 2
Number of Medical Waste Incinerators: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 39
Number of National Priority List (Superfund) Sites: 2
Number of Potential Superfund Sites: 8
Number of Hazardous Waste Facilities: 13
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 187
Number of Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 43
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 50
Pounds of Toxins Released in 1997: 17,493

Lincoln
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 11
Number of Inactive Landfills: 1
Number of Power Plants: 1
Number of Nuclear Power Plants: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 9
Number of Hazardous Waste Facilities: 3
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 27
Number of Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 23
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 9



Oxford
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 22
Number of inactive Landfills: 2
Number of Gas Turbine Power Plants Licensed: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 23
Number of Hazardous Waste Facilities: 4
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 58
Number of Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 9
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 37
Pounds of Toxins Released in 1997: 761,858

Piscataquis
Number of Active Landfills: 1
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 16
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 7
Number of Potential Superfund Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 12
Number of Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 4
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 12

Somerset
Number of Active Landfills: 2
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 21
Number of inactive Landfills: 3
Number of Power Plants: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 14
Number of Hazardous Waste Facilities: 7
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 58
Number of Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 20
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 32
Pounds of Toxins Released in 1997: 1,074,553

Washington
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 27
Number of Inactive Landfills: 6
Number of Medical Waste incinerators: 1
Number of Power Plants: 2
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 21
Number of National Priority List (Superfund) Sites: 1
Number of Potential Superfund Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Facilities: 9
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 32
Number of Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 20
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 21
Pounds of Toxins Released in 1997: 1,093,309

Penobscot
Number of Active Landfills: 2
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 34
Number of inactive Landfills: 1
Number of Municipal incinerators: 1
Number of Power Plants: 2
Number of Gas Turbine Power Plants Licensed: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 38
Number of Potential Superfund Sites: 5
Number of Hazardous Waste Facilities: 21
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 196
Number of Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 46
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 88
Pounds of Toxins Released in 1997: 1,754,561

Sagadahoc
Number of Active Landfills: 1
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 5
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 14
Number of National Priority List (Superfund) Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Facilities: 2
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 28
Number of Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 4
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 8
Pounds of Toxins Released in 1997: 66,618

Waldo
Number of Active Landfills: 1
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 19
Number of inactive Landfills: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 20
Number of Potential Superfund Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Facilities: 2
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 24
Number of Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 22
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 18
Pounds of Toxins Released in 1997:20,113

York
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 28
Number of inactive Landfills: 2
Number of Municipal incinerators:
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 85
Number of National Priority List (Superfund) Sites: 2
Number of Potential Superfund Sites: 6
Number of Hazardous Waste Facilities:31
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 180
Number of Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 16
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 67
Pounds of Toxins Released in 1997:265,746


Top Ten Lists

Top Ten Towns for Most Hazardous
Waste Sites
1. Portland: 22
2. Sanford: 19
3. (Tied) Bangor: 14
3. (Tied) South Portland: 14
5. Saco: 13
6. Biddeford: 10
7. Augusta: 9
8. (Tied) Auburn: 8
8. (Tied) Kennebunk: 8
10. Cumberland: 7

Top Ten Towns for Number of
Pounds of Toxins Released (19971
1. Westbrook: 1,204,425
2. Woodland: 1,093,309
3. Skowhegan: 973,653
4. Jay: 784,119
5. Rumford: 743,933
6. Old Town: 622,961
7. Bucksport: 583,034
8. Millinocket: 363,410
9. Lincoln: 309,027
10. East Millinocket: 246,203

Top Ten Towns for Number of
Hazardous Waste Handlers
1. Portland: 124
2. Bangor: 75
3. South Portland: 66
4. Lewiston: 55
5. Auburn: 53
6. Biddeford: 36
7. Scarborough: 33
8. Brunswick: 29
9. Saco: 26
10. (Tied) Brewer: 22
10. (Tied) Presque Isle: 22

Top Ten Towns for Number of
Potential Superfund Sites
1. Biddeford: 3
2. (Tied) Auburn: 2
3. (Tied) Bangor: 2
4. (Tied) Brunswick: 2
5. (Tied) Ellsworth: 2
6. (Tied) Lisbon: 2
7. (Tied) Monmouth: 2
8. (Tied) Portland: 2
9. (Tied) South Portland
10. (Tied) Winthrop: 2


Top Ten Towns for Number of
Permitted Air Polluters
1. Portland: 44
2. Bangor: 22
3. Lewiston: 21
4. Augusta: 18
5. (Tied) Westbrook: 17
5. (Tied) South Portland: 17
7. Sanford: 16
8. (Tied) Auburn: 13
8. (Tied) Presque Isle: 13
10. Brunswick: 12

Top Ten Towns for Number of Large
Quantity Hazardous Waste Facilities
1. (Tied) Bangor: 11
1. (Tied) Portland: 11
3. Westbrook: 9
4. (Tied) Augusta: 8
4. (Tied) South Portland: 8
6. (Tied) Auburn: 6
6. (Tied) Cutler: 6
8. Lisbon: 5
9. (Tied) Brewer: 3
9. (Tied) Lewiston: 3
9. (Tied) Oxford: 3
9. (Tied) Rockport: 3
9. (Tied) Sanford: 3



Abbot
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1

Acton
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 2
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 2

Addison
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1

Albion
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 7

Alexander
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1

Alfred
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 2
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 2
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 1

Allagash
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1

Alna
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 2

Alton
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 1

Amherst
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 2

Amity
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1

Andover
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 2
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 2

Anson
Number of Active Landfills: 1
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 5
Town Totals

Appleton
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1

Arundel
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 2
Number of Hazardous Waste Facilities: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 2

Ashland
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Power Plants: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 2
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 3

Athens
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Power Plants: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 2
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 1

Atkinson Corners
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites:

Auburn
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 3
Number of Municipal Incinerators: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 8
Number of Potential Superfund Sites: 2
Number of Hazardous Waste Facilities: 6
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 53
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 13
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 10
Pounds of Toxins Released in 1997: 39,203

Augusta
Number of Active Landfills: 1
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of inactive Landfills: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 9
Number of National Priority List (Superfund) Sites: 1
Number of Potential Superfund Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Facilities: 8
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 52
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 18
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 1
Pounds of Toxins Released in 1997:1,194

Aurora
Number of Inactive Landfills: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1


Baileyville
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 4

Baldwin
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 2
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 2
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 1

Bangor
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 14
Number of Potential Superfund Sites: 2
Number of Hazardous Waste Facilities:11
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers- 75
Ground water Fund Priority List Sites:2
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 22
Pounds of Toxins Released in 1997:43,125

Bar Harbor
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 2
Number of Hazardous Waste Facilities: 2
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 4
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 2
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 3

Bar Mills
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1

Bass Harbor
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1

Bath
Number of Active Landfills: 1
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 3
Number of Potential Superfund Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Facilities: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 8
Ground water Fund Priority List Sites:I
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 3
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 4
Pounds of Toxins Released in 1997:66,618

Beddington
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1

Belfast
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 4
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 10
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 3
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 6
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 3

Belgrade
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 3

Belmont
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1
Ground water Fund Priority List Sites:I

Benton
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 3
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites:1

Berwick
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Facilities: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 3
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 4
Pounds of Toxins Released in 1997:118,669

Bethel
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1
Ground water Fund Priority List Sites:3
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 5
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 3

Biddeford
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Municipal incinerators: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 10
Number of Potential Superfund Sites: 3
Number of Hazardous Waste Facilities: 5
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 36
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 11
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 1
Pounds of Toxins Released in 1997: 500

Bingham
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 2
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 3

Blaine
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 1

Blue Hill
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1
Number of Potential Superfund Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 3
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 1
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 7
Boothbay
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 3

Boothbay Harbor
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 4

Bowdoin
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: l
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 1

Bowdoinham
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 2
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 6

Bowerbank
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1

Bradford
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1

Bradley
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1

Breman
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 2

Brewer
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 4
Number of Potential Superfund Sites: I
Number of Hazardous Waste Facilities: 3
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 22
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 5
Pounds of Toxins Released in 1997:117,S76

Bridgton
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 2
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Facilities: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 6
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 1

Bridgewater
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1

Bristol
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1

Brooklin
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1 Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 2 Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1

Brooks
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 2
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 3

Brooksville
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1
Number of Potential Superfund Sites: 1

Brownfield
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1

Brownville
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1

Brunswick
Number of Active Landfills: 2
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 2
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 5
Number of National Priority List (Superfund'
Number of Potential Superfund Sites: 2
Number of Hazardous Waste Facilities: 3
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 29
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 12
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 3
Pounds of Toxins Released in 1997:102,947

Bryant Pond
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1

Buckfield
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 2
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1

Bucks Harbor
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 2

Bucksport
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Gas Turbine Power Plant Projects
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Facilities: 2
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 5
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 2
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 6
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 3
Pounds of Toxins Released in 1997:583,034

Burlington
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Burnham
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 1
Pounds of Toxins Released in 1997: 10

Buxton
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 2
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 2
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 4
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 1
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 8

Calais
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Medical Waste incinerators: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 13
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 2

Cambridge
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1

Camden
Number of Active Landfills: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Facilities: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 8
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 2
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 1

Canaan
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 2
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 2

Canton
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 4

Cape Elizabeth
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 2
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 2
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 2

Cape Neddick
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1

Caribou
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Power Plants: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Facilities: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 11
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 5
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 7
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 1

Carmel
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 2

Carrabassett Valley
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 1

Carthage
Number of Inactive Landfills: 1

Casco
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 3
Number of Potential Superfund Sites: 1
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 2
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 2

Castine
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 2
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 1
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 1

Caswell
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 4

Castle Hill
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 1

Chapman
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 1
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 1

Charleston
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1 Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 1
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 3

Charlotte
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 1

Chelsea
Number of Closed Landfill Sites. 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 2
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 3

Cherryfield
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: I
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 2
Chester
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Power Plants: 1
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 2

Chesterville
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1

Chesuncook
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1

China
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 3

Clifton
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1

Clinton
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 2
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 2
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 1

Coburn Gore
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1

Codyville
Number of inactive Landfills: 1

Columbia
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1

Columbia Falls
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 1

Connor
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 2

Cooper
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1

Core
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1

Corinna
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1 Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1 Number of Potential Superfund Sites: 1 Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 2
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 1

Cornish
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1 Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1 Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1 Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 2

Cornish
Number of inactive Landfills: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 1

Cornville
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Ground water Fund Priority List Sites:1

Costigan
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 2

Criehaven
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1

Crystal
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1

Cumberland
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 2
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 7
Number of Potential Superfund Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 6
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 1
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 2

Cushing
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1

Cutler
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Facilities: 6
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 2
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 1
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 2

Damariscotta
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 2

Danforth
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 2
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 2

Danville
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 1
Dayton
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 2
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 16

Deblois
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Power Plants: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1
Groundwater Fund Proirity List Sites: 1
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 1

Deer isle
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1

Denmark
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1

Detroit
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 2

Dexter
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 3
Number of Potential Superfund Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 9
Ground water Fund Priority List Sites:2
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 2
Pounds of Toxins Released in 1997:49,302

Dixfield
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 1

Dixmont
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1

Dover-Foxcroft
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 2
Number of Potential Superfund Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 7
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 5
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 1

Dresden
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1

Durham
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 4 Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 6

Eagle Lake
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1 Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 2

East Baldwin
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1

East Boothbay
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 3
Ground water Fund Priority List Sites:1

East Corinth
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1

East Holden
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1

East Lebanon
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1

East Machias
Number of Inactive Landfills: 1
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 1

East Millinocket
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 3
Pounds of Toxins Released in 1997:246,203

East Sebago
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1

East Waterborough
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 2

East Wilton
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 2

Eastbrook
Number of inactive Landfills: 1

Easton
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 5
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 3
Pounds of Toxins Released in 1997:78,098

Eastport
Number of inactive Landfills: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Facilities: 2
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 4
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 3
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 1

Edgecomb
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 1

Eliot
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Facilities: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 5
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 2
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 4

Ellsworth
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 2
Number of Potential Superfund Sites: 2
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 8
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 4
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 2

Embden
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1

Enfield
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites 4
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 2

Etna
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 1

Eustis
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 2

Exeter
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Ground water Fund Priority List Sites:2
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 1

Fairfield
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 2
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 2
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 5
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 2
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 5
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 8

Falmouth
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Facilities: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 11
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 1
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 23

Farmingdale
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 2
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 3

Farmington
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 2
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 7
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 7
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 15
Pounds of Toxins Released in 1997:10,097

Fayette
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 5

Five Islands
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1

Fort Fairfield
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Power Plants: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 3
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 12

Fort Kent
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Medical Waste Incinerators: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 2
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 2
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 2
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 3

Frankfort
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 2

Franklin
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: I
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1

Freedom
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: l
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 1

Freeport
Number of Active Landfills: 1
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 2
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 2
Number of Hazardous Waste Facilities: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 8
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 5
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 1
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 13


Frenchboro
Number of Active Landfills: 1

Frenchtown
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1

Frenchville
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 2
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 1

Friendship
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 2

Fryeburg
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 3
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 2
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 4
Pounds of Toxins Released in 1997: 5

Gardiner
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 2
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 9
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 1
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 2

Garland
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1

Georgetown
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 3
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1

Gilead
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1

Glenburn
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 2
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 2

Gorham
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 2
Number of Gas Turbine Power Plant Projects: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 3
Number of Hazardous Waste Facilities: 2
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 12
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 7
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 21

Gouldsborough
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 2

Grandisle
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 1

Grand Lake
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1

Gray
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 5
Number of National Priority List (Superfund) Sites: 1
Number of Potential Superfund Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 13
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 3
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 9

Great Pond
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1

Greenbush
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 1

Greene
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Facilities: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 2
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 1

Greenfield
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1

Greenville
Number of Active Landfills: 1
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 1

Greenwood
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 2
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 1
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites:1

Guilford
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 2
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 3

Hallowell
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 3

Hamlin
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 1

Hampden
Number of Active Landfills: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 2
Number of Hazardous Waste Facilities: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 9
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 2
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 10

Hancock
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1
Number of Potential Superfund Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 4

Hanover
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 1

Harmony
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1

Harpswell
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 3
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 2
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 6

Harrington
Ground water Fund Priority List Sites:1

Harrison
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 2
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 2

Hartford
Number of inactive Landfills: 1
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 1

Hartland
Number of Closed Landfill Sites:1
Number of inactive Landfills: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 2
Number of Hazardous Waste Facilities: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 3
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 2
Pounds of Toxins Released in 1997: 100,900

Haynesville
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1

Hebron
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 3

Hermon
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1 Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1 Number of Potential Superfund Sites: 1 Number of Hazardous Waste Facilities: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 5 Ground water Fund Priority List Sites:I Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 5

Highland
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1

Hinckley
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1

Hiram
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites:2

Hodgedon
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 3

Holden
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers. 1
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 2
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 2

Hollis
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 3

Hope
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 1

Houlton
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 5
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers:
Ground water Fund Priority List Sites:3
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 7
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 4
Pounds of Toxins Released in 1997:3,703

Howland
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1

Hudson
Number of Active Landfills: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1

Hulls Cove
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1

Indian Township
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1

Island Falls
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 1
Pounds of Toxins Released in 1997: 839

Islesboro
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 2

Jackman
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 2
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1

Jackson
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 3

Jay
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Gas Turbine Power Plant Projects: I
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 4
Number of Hazardous Waste Facilities: 2
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 4
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 4
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 5
Pounds of Toxins Released in 1997:784,119

Jefferson
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 1

Jonesboro
Number of inactive Landfills: 1
Number of Power Plants: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Facilities: I
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 1

Jonesport
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Ground water Fund Priority List Sites:1

Kenduskeag
Number of Inactive Landfills: 1
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 1

Kennebec
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1

Kennebunk
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 8
Number of Hazardous Waste Facilities: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 19
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 4
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 9
Pounds of Toxins Released in 1997:2,475

Kennebunkport
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1

Kezar Falls
Number of Hazardous Waste Facilities: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1

Kingfield
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Facilities:
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers:
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 2

Kittery
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 3
Number of National Priority List (Superfund) Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Facilities: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 11
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 1

Knox
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 9

Lagrange
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1
Ground water Fund Priority List Sites:2

Lake View
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1

Lakeville
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1

Lambert Lake
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1

Lamoine
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 2

Lebanon
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 3
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 1

Lee
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 3
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 1

Leeds
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Facilities: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 3
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 2
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 3
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 6

Levant
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1

Lewiston
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 6
Number of Potential Superfund Sites: 1 Number of Hazardous Waste Facilities: 3
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 55
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 21
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 1
Pounds of Toxins Released in 1997:17,285

Liberty
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1

Lily Bay
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1

Limerick
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 3
Number of Potential Superfund Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 1
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 2

Limestone
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 3
Number of National Priority List (Superfund) Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Facilities: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 3
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 6
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 4
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 4

Limington
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 2
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1

Lincoln
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 3
Number of Hazardous Waste Facilities: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 3
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 2
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 3
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 4
Pounds of Toxins Released in 1997:309,027

Linneus
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 1

Lisbon
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1 Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 5 Number of Potential Superfund Sites: 2
Number of Hazardous Waste Facilities: 5 Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 4 Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 2 Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 3
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 10

Litchfield
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 2
Ground water Fund Priority List Sites:3

Little Squaw
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 2

Littleton
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 4
Number of Potential Superfund Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 1

Livermore
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 2
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 3

Livermore Falls
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Power Plants: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 4
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 1
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 1

Locke Mills
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1

Long Island
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 2
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1

Lower Cupsuptic
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1

Lubec
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 3
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 2
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 1

Ludlow
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 1

Lyman
Number of inactive Landfills: 1
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 1

Machias
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 4
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 2
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 5


Machiasport
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 2

Madawaska
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 4
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 3
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 2

Madison
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 8
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 2

Manchester
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 1

Manset
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1

Mapleton
Ground water Fund Priority List Sites:3
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 1
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 1

Mariaville
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1

Mars Hill
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 1

Marshall
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Ground water Fund Priority List Sites: 1

Masardis
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 1

Mattwamkeag
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Ground water Fund Priority List Sites: 3
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 2

Mechanic Falls
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 3
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 3
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 1
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 1

Meddybemps
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 4
Number of National Priority List (Superfund) Sites: 1
Number of Potential Superfund Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1

Medway
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1
Ground water Fund Priority List Sites:2
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 4

Mercer
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 3

Mexico
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 2
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1

Milbridge
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 2

Milford
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 2

Millinocket
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Facilities: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 4
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 4
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 2
Pounds of Toxins Released in 1997:363,410

Milo
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 2
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 1

Minot
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 2
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 5

Minturn
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1

Monhegan Island
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 1


Monmouth
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 2
Number of Potential Superfund Sites: 2
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 3
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 1

Monroe
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 1
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 1

Monson
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers:1

Monticello
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 2
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 3

Montville
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 1

Morrill
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 2
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 2

Moscow
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 1

Mount Chase
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1

Mount Desert
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 2

Mount Vernon
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Inactive Landfills: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1
Number of Potential Superfund Sites: 1
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 1

Naples
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 2
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 3

Nashville Plantation
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 1


New Gloucester
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 2
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 1
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 10

New Limerick
Number of Hazardous Waste Facilities: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 1
Pounds of Toxins Released in 1997:9,768

New Portland
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 2

New Sharon
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1
Number of Potential Superfund Sites: 1
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1

New Sweden
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1
Ground water Fund Priority List Sites:2

New Vineyard
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 2
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1

Newburgh
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 1

Newcastle
Number of Active Landfills: 1
Number of inactive Landfills: 1
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 2
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 2

Newfield
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 3

Newport
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 6
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 2
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 2

Newry
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 3

Nobleboro
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 3

Norridgewock
Number of Active Landfills: 1
Number of Inactive Landfills: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 4
Number of Hazardous Waste Facilities: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 3
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 2
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 4

North Anson
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 2
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: I
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 1

North Berwick
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 2
Number of Hazardous Waste Facilities: 2
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 4
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 2
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 3
Pounds of Toxins Released in 1997:43,880

North Haven Island
Number of Active Landfills: 1

North Jay
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1

North Monmouth
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 1

North Waterford
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 2

North Whitefield
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1

North Windham
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 3

North Yarmouth
Number of Closed Landfill Sites:
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: I
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 8

Northeast Harbor
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1

Northfield
Number of inactive Landfills: 1

Northport
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: I
Ground water Fund Priority List Sites:2
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 1

Norway
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 2
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 8
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 2
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 2

Oakfield
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 2

Oakland
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 3
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 3
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 2
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 2

Ogunquit
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 2
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1

Old Orchard Beach
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 2
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 2
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 2

Old Town
Number of Closed Landfill Sites:1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Facilities: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 6
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 2
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: S
Pounds of Toxins Released in 1997: 622,961

Oquossoc
Ground water Fund Priority List Sites:1

Orient
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1

Orland
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1

Orneville
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1

Orono
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Facilities: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 2
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 6

Orrington
Number of Municipal Incinerators: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 2
Number of Hazardous Waste Facilities: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 3
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 2
Pounds of Toxins Released in 1997:2,657

Orrs island
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1

Otis
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1

Otisfield
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1

Owls Head
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1

Oxford
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 2
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Facilities: 3
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 12
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 3
Pounds of Toxins Released in 1997:17,930

Palermo
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 3

Palmyra
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 1

Paris
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 2
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 6
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 13
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 2
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites:1

Parkman
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: I

Parsonfield
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 3
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers:
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 1
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 1

Passadumkeag
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 1

Patten
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 1

Pejepscot
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1

Pembroke
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 2
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 2

Penobscot
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 1
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 1

Perham
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1

Perry
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1
Ground water Fund Priority List Sites:1

Peru
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 2
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 2
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 1

Phillips
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 2
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 2

Phippsburg
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 2
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 5




Pittsfield
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 2
Number of Hazardous Waste Facilities: 4
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 13
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 3

Pittston
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 5

Pleasant Ridge Plt
Number of inactive Landfills: 1

Plymouth
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 2
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 3
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 1

Poland
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 2
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 2
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 4

Portage
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of National Priority List (Superfund) Sites: 1
Ground water Fund Priority List Sites:1

Porter
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1

Portland
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 3
Number of inactive Landfills: 1
Number of Municipal incinerators: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 22
Number of Potential Superfund Sites: 2
Number of Hazardous Waste Facilities:11
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 124
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 44
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 10
Pounds of Toxins Released in 1997:16,336

Pownal
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 6

Presque isle
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 3
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 22
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites 13
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 13
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 6

Princeton
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 1

Prospect
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1
Ground water Fund Priority List Sites:1
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 2
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 1

Randolph
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1

Rangeley
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 3
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 1

Rangeley Plt.
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 2
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 2

Raymond
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 2
Number of Hazardous Waste Facilities: 2
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 4
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 2
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 1
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 1
Pounds of Toxins Released in 1997:12,977

Readfield
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 2
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 10

Reed Plantation
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1

Richmond
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 2
Ground water Fund Priority List Sites:1
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 1

Robbinston
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1
Ground water Fund Priority List Sites:2

Rockland
Number of Active Landfills: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 4
Number of Hazardous Waste Facilities: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 18
Ground water Fund Priority List Sites:2
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 6
Pounds of Toxins Released in 1997:15,630



Rockport
Number of Active Landfills: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Facilities: 3
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 7
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 1
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 1

Rockwood
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1

Rome
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1

Round Pond
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1

Roxbury
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1

Rumford
Number of Gas Turbine Power Plant Projects:1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Facilities: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 5
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 2
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 1
Pounds of Toxins Released in 1997:743,933

Sabattus
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 3
Ground water Fund Priority List Sites:1
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 4

Saco
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 2(1NPL)
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 13
Number of National Priority List(Superfund)Sites:2
Number of Hazardous Waste Facilities: 2
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 26
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 7
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 3
Pounds of Toxins Released in 1997:50,750

Salem Twp.
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 1

Salsbury Cove
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1

Sanford
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1 Number of Inactive Landfills: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 19 Number of Potential Superfund Sites: 1 Number of Hazardous Waste Facilities: 3 Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 34 Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 16 Pounds of Toxins Released in 1997:35,427

Sangerville
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Permitted Air Polluters:1

Scarboro
Number of Active Landfills: l
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 6
Number of Hazardous Waste Facilities: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 33
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 4
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 8
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 1

Searsmont
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 1

Searsport
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 4
Number of Hazardous Waste Facilities: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 5
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 5
Pounds of Toxins Released in 1997:20,113

Sebago
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1

Sebec
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1

Sedgwick
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1
Ground water Fund Priority List Sites:2

Shapleigh
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 2


Sherman
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Power Plants: 1
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 2

Shirley
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1

Sidney
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 2
Ground water Fund Priority List Sites:2
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 2
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 1

Sinclair
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: I
Ground water Fund Priority List Sites:1

Skowhegan
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 2
Number of Hazardous Waste Facilities: 2
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 16
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 6
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 3
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 6
Pounds of Toxins Released in 1997:973,653

Smithfield
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 5

Smyrna
Number of Inactive Landfills: 1
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1

Solon
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 2

Somerville
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: I
Number of Inactive Landfills: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1

Sorrento
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1

South Berwick
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1 Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 4 Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 6
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 3
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 2

South Bristol
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 2

South Casco
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1

South China
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1

South Harpswell
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1

South Hope
Number of National Priority ListSuperfund)Sites:1
Ground water Fund Priority List Sites:1

South Portland
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of inactive Landfills: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 14
Number of Potential Superfund Sites: 2
Number of Hazardous Waste Facilities: 8
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 66
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 17
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 7
Pounds of Toxins Released in 1997:10,929

South Thomaston
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Ground water Fund Priority List Sites:1

South Windham
Number of Hazardous Waste Facilities: 1

Southeast Harbor
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1

Southport
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1

Southwest Harbor
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Facilities: 1
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 2
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 1
Pounds of Toxins Released in 1997:5,053

Springfield
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Ground water Fund Priority List Sites:1


Springvale
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 5

Sprucehead
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 2

Squirrel Island
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1

St. Agatha
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 1

St. Albans
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 2

St. Francis
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1

St. George
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1

St. John Plt.
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1

Stacyville
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 2

Standish
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Facilities: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 4
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 5
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 3
Pounds of Toxins Released in 1997: l6

Starks
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1

Stetson
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1

Stockholm
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1

Stockton Springs
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1

Stonington
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 4 Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 1

Stratton
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Power Plants: 1
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1

Strong
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 1

Sullivan
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 2
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1

Sumner
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 1
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 1

Sunset
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1

Surry
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 2

Swans island
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 3

Swanville
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1
Ground water Fund Priority List Sites:2
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 1

T12 R8 WELS
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 2

T17 R Wels
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1

T22MD
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1

TA R07 Wets
Number of Permitted Air Polluters- 1

Talmadge
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1

Temple
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1

Tenants Harbor
Ground water Fund Priority List Sites:2

The Forks Plt.
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1

Thomaston
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 4
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 5
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 1
Pounds of Toxins Released in 1997:3,147

Thorndike
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 2
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 2

Togus
Number of Medical Waste Incinerators: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Facilities: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 1

Topsfield
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites:1

Topsham
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 4
Number of Hazardous Waste Facilities: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 3
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 5
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 2

Townhill
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1

Tremont
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1

Trenton
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1

Troy
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 2

Turner
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 3
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 2

Union
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 2
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 2
Ground water Fund Priority List Sites:3
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 1

Unity
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: l
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 2
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 2
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 1
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 12

Upton
Number of inactive Landfills:1

Van Buren
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 2

Vanceboro
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1

Vassalboro
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 2
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 1
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 3

Veazie
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: l
Number of Gas Turbine Power Plant Projects: I
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: l
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 3

Vienna
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1

Vinalhavan
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 2

Waite
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1

Waldo
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1

Waldoboro
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 2
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 4
Number of Hazardous Waste Facilities: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 6
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 3
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 1
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites:4

Wallagrass Plt.
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites:1


Walpole
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers:2

Wales
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 2

Waltham
Number of Inactive Landfills: 1

Warren
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 2
Number of National Priority List(Superfund)Sites: I
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 1

Washburn
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 2

Washington
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 1

Waterboro
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: I
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 6
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 3
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: I
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 2
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 2

Waterford
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: I
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 2
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 2

Waterville
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1 (partially closed)
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 4
Number of Potential Superfund Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Facilities: 2
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 2
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 2
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 11
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 4

Wayne
Number of Closed Landfill Sites:1 Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1

Weeks Mills
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1

Weld
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1

Wells
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 2
Number of Potential Superfund Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Facilities: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 11
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 5
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 9
Pounds of Toxins Released in 1997:14,045

Wesley
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1

West Bath
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 2
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1

West Enfield
Number of Power Plants: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 2

West Gardiner
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 4

West Paris
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: I
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: I
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 2

Westbrook
Number of Inactive Landfills: 2
Number of Gas Turbine Power Plant Projects:1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 6
Number of Hazardous Waste Facilities: 9
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 43
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 17
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 5
Pounds of Toxins Released in 1997:1,204,425

Westfield
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1

Whitefield
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 5
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 3
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 2

Whiting
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1

Whitneyville
Number of inactive Landfills: 1

Willimantic
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1

Wilton
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of inactive Landfills: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Facilities: 1
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 4
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 1

Windham
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 4
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 7
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 2
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 1
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 14

Windsor
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 3
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 2

Winn
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Ground water Fund Priority List Sites:1

Winslow
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 3
Number of Hazardous Waste Facilities: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 7
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 7
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 1
Pounds of Toxins Released in 1997: 16,049

Winter Harbor
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 2
Number of Hazardous Waste Facilities: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 1

Winterport
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 1
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 1

Winterville Plt.
Number of inactive Landfills: 1

Winthrop
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1(NPL)
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 7
Number of National Priority List(Superfund)Sites:1
Number of Potential Superfund Sites: 2
Number of Hazardous Waste Facilities: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 6
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 3
Pounds of Toxins Released in 1997: 250

Wiscassett
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Power Plants: 1
Number of Nuclear Power Plants: 1 *
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Facilities: 2
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 8
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 2
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 3
closed but still houses nuclear waste
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 4

Woodland
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Facilities: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 1
Pounds of Toxins Released in 1997:1,093,309

Woodstock
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1

Woodsville
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 2

Woolwich
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 2
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1
Ground water Fund Priority List Sites:2
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 1

Wyman Township
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 1

Wytopitlock
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 1

Yarmouth
Number of Active Landfills: 1
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Power Plants: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 4
Number of Potential Superfund Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Facilities: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 8
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 1
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 5

York
Number of Closed Landfill Sites: 1
Number of Hazardous Waste Sites: 2
Number of Hazardous Waste Handlers: 13
Groundwater Fund Priority List Sites: 1
Number of Permitted Air Polluters: 2
Number of Licensed Sludge Sites: 3